Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

F.Sarvghadi M.D

Associate prof. Research institute for endocrine  sciences. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Outline:

• Normal physiology of pregnancy.
• Review of pathophysiology of GDM.
• Risk factors of GDM.
• Reported prevalence in Iran.
• Impact of new criteria on prevalence of GDM
• Conclusion

Introduction:

• Metabolism comes from the Greek word meaning

                                  “ to change ”

   Pregnancy is associated with major changes in metabolic processes and endocrine function.

Maternal physiologic adaptations:

• Growth and development of the fetus.
• Providing the fetus with adequate stores of energy and substrates needed for transition to extra uterine life.
• Maternal needs for increased physiologic demands of pregnancy.
• Providing energy and substrate stores for pregnancy , labor and lactation.

Physiology of pregnancy:

• Pregnancy is primary an anabolic state:

 1- Increase food intake and appetite.

 2- Around 3.5 kg of fat is deposited.

 3- New protein synthesis is about 900 g.

 4- The energy cost of reproduction is estimated at 75000- 85000 Kcal.